How to built CNC Router theoretically?

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Building a CNC router can be a challenging but rewarding project. Here are the general steps you can follow:

  1. Design your router: Start by deciding the size and features you want your CNC router to have. You can find designs and plans online, or create your own using software such as SketchUp or AutoCAD.
  2. Gather materials: You will need a variety of materials such as aluminum extrusions, linear rails, stepper motors, belts, pulleys, bearings, screws, and nuts. You can purchase these parts online or at hardware stores.
  3. Assemble the frame: Build the frame of your router using the aluminum extrusions and hardware. Make sure it is square and sturdy.
  4. Install linear rails: Install the linear rails on the frame using mounting brackets and screws.
  5. Mount the stepper motors: Mount the stepper motors on the frame and connect them to the linear rails with timing belts and pulleys.
  6. Install the spindle: Install the spindle on the Z-axis of the router. You can use a pre-made spindle or build your own using a motor and a collet.
  7. Wire the electronics: Connect the stepper motors, spindle, limit switches, and power supply to the controller board using wiring diagrams and instructions.
  8. Install the software: Install the software on your computer that will control your CNC router. Popular choices include Mach3, LinuxCNC, and GRBL.
  9. Calibrate the machine: Use software to calibrate the CNC router by homing the axes, setting the steps per millimeter, and adjusting the speed and acceleration.
  10. Start using your CNC router: With the calibration complete, you can start using your CNC router to create projects. Be sure to follow all safety guidelines when using the machine.

Building a CNC router requires a good amount of technical knowledge and skill, so it is recommended to do thorough research before starting the project.

Some content list by brands;

  1. ShopBot Desktop MAX:
  • Aluminum bed with t-slots
  • Spindle with VFD (Variable Frequency Drive)
  • Controller with software
  • Z-zero plate
  • Bitzero tool sensor
  • Dust skirt
  1. AXYZ Series CNC Router:
  • Heavy-duty steel frame
  • Precision ball screws
  • High-torque servo motors
  • Vacuum table and pump
  • Automatic tool changer
  • Automatic lubrication system
  • A2MC controller
  1. Laguna SmartShop II CNC Router:
  • Welded steel frame
  • Spindle with VFD
  • Automatic tool changer
  • Pop-up pins for material placement
  • Laser positioning system
  • Intelligent servo drive system
  • Handheld controller with LCD screen
  1. Carbide3D Shapeoko:
  • Aluminum extrusion frame
  • Dewalt router motor
  • Controller with software
  • Carbide create software
  • Bitzero tool sensor
  • T-track bed
  1. BobsCNC E4 CNC Router Kit:
  • Frame made from MDF and aluminum extrusions
  • Spindle with controller
  • Controller board with software
  • Limit switches
  • Wiring and cabling
  • Bitzero tool sensor

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